2025中国新能源汽车产业白皮书：技术突围与全球领跑（中英对照版）
2025中国新能源汽车产业白皮书：技术突围与全球领跑（中英对照版）
2025年的中国汽车市场交出了一份里程碑式的答卷，这一年，新能源汽车产销分别达到了1662,6万辆和1649万辆，同比增长29%和28,2%。更具有标志性意义的是，新车销量渗透率冲到了47,9%。这说明新能源汽车已彻底撕下“政策驱动”的标签，完成了向“市场主导”的华丽转身，成为消费者购车的主流选择。
in 2025, china's auto market handed over a milestone answer sheet, in this year, the production and sales of new energy vehicles reached 16,626 million units and 16,49 million units respectively, with a year-on-year increase of 29% and 28,2%, more symbolically, the penetration rate of new car sales rushed to 47,9%, this indicates that new energy vehicles have completely torn off the label of "policy-driven", completed a gorgeous turn to "market-led", and become the mainstream choice for consumers to buy cars,
这份答卷的背后，是中国汽车产业数十年的积淀与突围，是无数车企、科研机构、供应链企业协同发力的成果。回望十年前，中国新能源汽车市场还处于萌芽阶段，2015年全年产销不足40万辆，渗透率仅为1,3%，彼时市场被外资燃油车牢牢占据，核心技术被“卡脖子”，动力电池依赖进口、电子电气架构受制于海外企业、智能驾驶几乎一片空白，甚至连整车制造的核心工艺都与国际先进水平存在不小差距。
behind this answer sheet is the accumulation and breakthrough of china's auto industry for decades, and the result of the joint efforts of numerous auto enterprises, scientific research institutions and supply chain enterprises, looking back ten years ago, china's new energy vehicle market was still in its infancy, in 2015, the annual production and sales were less than 400,000 units, with a penetration rate of only 1,3%, at that time, the market was firmly occupied by foreign fuel vehicles, core technologies were "choked", power batteries relied on imports, electronic and electrical architectures were controlled by overseas enterprises, intelligent driving was almost blank, and even the core processes of vehicle manufacturing had a considerable gap with the international advanced level,
而十年后的2025年，中国新能源汽车不仅实现了产销规模的跨越式增长，更实现了从“跟跑”“并跑”到“领跑”的质变。47,9%的渗透率意味着，每卖出两辆新车，就有一辆是新能源汽车，这个数字不仅远超全球平均水平（29,7%），更超过了美国（32,1%）、欧洲（38,5%）等主要汽车市场，成为全球新能源汽车产业发展的核心引擎。
ten years later, in 2025, china's new energy vehicles have not only achieved a leapfrog growth in production and sales scale, but also achieved a qualitative change from "following" and "running side by side" to "leading", a penetration rate of 47,9% means that for every two new cars sold, one is a new energy vehicle, this figure not only far exceeds the global average (29,7%), but also surpasses major auto markets such as the united states (32,1%) and europe (38,5%), becoming the core engine for the development of the global new energy vehicle industry,
从市场结构来看，2025年中国新能源汽车市场呈现出“多点开花、分层领跑”的格局。其中，纯电动汽车产销分别为1287,3万辆和1276,5万辆，同比增长25,8%和24,9%，占新能源汽车总产销的比重分别为77,4%和77,4%，依然是市场的绝对主力；插电式混合动力汽车产销分别为375,3万辆和372,5万辆，同比增长42,3%和41,8%，增速远超纯电动汽车，成为拉动市场增长的新动力，尤其在三四线城市和农村市场，插混车型凭借“可油可电”的优势，快速替代传统燃油车。
from the perspective of market structure, china's new energy vehicle market in 2025 showed a pattern of "blooming in many places and leading at all levels", among them, the production and sales of pure electric vehicles were 12,873 million units and 12,765 million units respectively, with a year-on-year increase of 25,8% and 24,9%, accounting for 77,4% and 77,4% of the total production and sales of new energy vehicles, still the absolute main force of the market; the production and sales of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles were 3,753 million units and 3,725 million units respectively, with a year-on-year increase of 42,3% and 41,8%, far exceeding the growth rate of pure electric vehicles, becoming a new driving force for market growth, especially in third and fourth tier cities and rural markets, plug-in hybrid models have quickly replaced traditional fuel vehicles with the advantage of "oil and electricity available",
分价格段来看，2025年中国新能源汽车市场已打破“低价内卷”的格局，向中高端市场持续突破。其中，10万元以下低端市场销量为329,8万辆，占比20%，主要满足农村市场和代步需求；10-20万元中端市场销量为742,1万辆，占比45%，是市场的核心增长极，比亚迪秦PLUS、吉利帝豪L Hi·P、长安逸动EV等车型持续领跑；20-30万元中高端市场销量为372,5万辆，占比22,6%，特斯拉Model 3/Y、比亚迪汉系列、小鹏P7i等车型竞争激烈；30万元以上高端市场销量为204,6万辆，占比12,4%，同比增长58,7%，增速最快，蔚来ET系列、理想L系列、华为问界M系列以及小米SU7系列等车型，凭借出色的智能化和性能表现，逐步抢占外资豪华品牌市场份额。
in terms of price segments, china's new energy vehicle market in 2025 has broken the pattern of "low-price internal competition" and continued to break through to the mid-to-high-end market, among them, the sales volume of the low-end market below 100,000 yuan was 3,298 million units, accounting for 20%, mainly meeting the needs of rural markets and commuting; the sales volume of the mid-end market of 100,000-200,000 yuan was 7,421 million units, accounting for 45%, which is the core growth pole of the market, led by models such as byd qin plus, geely emperor l hi·p, and changan eado ev; the sales volume of the mid-to-high-end market of 200,000-300,000 yuan was 3,725 million units, accounting for 22,6%, with fierce competition among models such as tesla model 3/y, byd han series, and xpeng p7i; the sales volume of the high-end market above 300,000 yuan was 2,046 million units, accounting for 12,4%, a year-on-year increase of 58,7%, the fastest growth rate, models such as nio et series, li auto l series, huawei avatr m series, and xiaomi su7 series have gradually seized the market share of foreign luxury brands with excellent intelligence and performance,
从区域分布来看，2025年中国新能源汽车市场呈现出“东部领跑、中西部崛起”的态势。东部沿海地区依然是新能源汽车的核心消费市场，江苏、广东、浙江、山东、上海等省份和城市，新能源汽车销量均突破100万辆，其中广东省销量最高，达到213,5万辆，占全国总销量的12,9%。这些地区经济发达、充电设施完善、消费观念超前，成为新能源汽车普及的“先行者”。与此同时，中西部地区和农村市场快速崛起，随着充电网络向基层延伸、新能源汽车下乡政策持续发力、车型适配性不断提升，2025年中西部地区新能源汽车销量达到659,6万辆，占全国总销量的40%，同比增长35,2%，增速远超东部地区（23,7%）。农村市场销量达到280,3万辆，占全国总销量的17%，同比增长48,9%，成为市场增长的“新蓝海”。
from the perspective of regional distribution, china's new energy vehicle market in 2025 showed a trend of "leading in the east and rising in the central and western regions", the eastern coastal areas are still the core consumer market for new energy vehicles, provinces and cities such as jiangsu, guangdong, zhejiang, shandong, and shanghai all had new energy vehicle sales exceeding 1 million units, among which guangdong province had the highest sales volume, reaching 2,135 million units, accounting for 12,9% of the national total sales, these regions have developed economies, improved charging facilities, and advanced consumption concepts, becoming "pioneers" in the popularization of new energy vehicles, at the same time, the central and western regions and rural markets are rising rapidly, with the extension of charging networks to the grassroots, the continuous efforts of new energy vehicles going to the countryside policy, and the continuous improvement of model adaptability, the sales volume of new energy vehicles in the central and western regions reached 6,596 million units in 2025, accounting for 40% of the national total sales, a year-on-year increase of 35,2%, far exceeding the growth rate of the eastern region (23,7%), the sales volume in rural markets reached 2,803 million units, accounting for 17% of the national total sales, a year-on-year increase of 48,9%, becoming a "new blue ocean" for market growth,
值得注意的是，2025年中国新能源汽车出口也实现了跨越式增长，全年出口量达到522,1万辆，同比增长45,8%，占全国汽车总出口量的60,3%，连续四年位居全球第一。出口目的地已覆盖全球190多个国家和地区，其中，欧洲依然是最大的出口市场，出口量达到187,9万辆，占总出口量的36%；东南亚市场增长迅猛，出口量达到98,2万辆，同比增长67,3%，成为第二大出口市场；北美市场出口量达到75,3万辆，同比增长52,1%，逐步突破欧美日韩等传统汽车强国的市场壁垒。此外，中国新能源汽车出口的产品结构也在不断优化，中高端车型出口占比达到42,7%，同比增长18,3%，比亚迪唐EV、蔚来ET5、小米SU7等车型，凭借先进的技术和出色的产品力，在全球市场获得了广泛认可，改变了以往中国汽车出口“低端、低价”的形象。
it is worth noting that china's new energy vehicle exports also achieved leapfrog growth in 2025, with the annual export volume reaching 5,221 million units, a year-on-year increase of 45,8%, accounting for 60,3% of the national total auto exports, ranking first in the world for four consecutive years, the export destinations have covered more than 190 countries and regions around the world, among them, europe is still the largest export market, with an export volume of 1,879 million units, accounting for 36% of the total export volume; the southeast asian market is growing rapidly, with an export volume of 982,000 units, a year-on-year increase of 67,3%, becoming the second largest export market; the north american market export volume reached 753,000 units, a year-on-year increase of 52,1%, gradually breaking through the market barriers of traditional auto powers such as europe, the united states, japan and south korea, in addition, the product structure of china's new energy vehicle exports is also constantly optimizing, the proportion of mid-to-high-end models exported reached 42,7%, a year-on-year increase of 18,3%, models such as byd tang ev, nio et5, and xiaomi su7 have gained wide recognition in the global market with advanced technology and excellent product strength, changing the previous image of china's auto exports as "low-end and low-price",
2025年中国新能源汽车产业的辉煌成就，不仅仅是产销数据的突破，更是产业发展质量的全面提升。这背后发生的变化是结构性的，支撑这个庞大产业的，不再仅仅是规模大，而是中国自主品牌在动力电池、电子电气架构、智能座舱、智能辅助驾驶等几个关键核心技术上真的站起来了，以前我们还得仰着脖子看外资品牌，现在不一样了，中国品牌正在用自主创新能力重新定义汽车行业的游戏规则。
the brilliant achievements of china's new energy vehicle industry in 2025 are not only a breakthrough in production and sales data, but also an all-round improvement in the quality of industrial development, the changes behind this are structural, what supports this huge industry is no longer just a large scale, but that chinese independent brands have really stood up in several key core technologies such as power batteries, electronic and electrical architectures, intelligent cockpits, and intelligent assisted driving, in the past, we had to look up to foreign brands, but now it is different, chinese brands are redefining the rules of the game in the auto industry with independent innovation capabilities,
这种结构性变化，首先体现在产业生态的完善上。经过十年的发展，中国已形成了全球最完整、最具竞争力的新能源汽车产业链，从上游的锂、钴、镍等矿产资源开采与加工，到中游的动力电池、电机、电控等核心零部件制造，再到下游的整车研发、生产与销售，以及后市场的充电服务、维修保养、电池回收等环节，每个环节都有一批具备核心竞争力的企业，形成了“产学研用”协同发展的良好生态。据统计，2025年中国新能源汽车产业链产值达到15,8万亿元，同比增长32,5%，占全国汽车产业总产值的比重达到70,2%，成为拉动中国制造业增长的重要力量。
this structural change is first reflected in the improvement of the industrial ecology, after ten years of development, china has formed the most complete and competitive new energy vehicle industry chain in the world, from the upstream mining and processing of mineral resources such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel, to the midstream manufacturing of core components such as power batteries, motors, and electronic controls, to the downstream vehicle r&d, production and sales, as well as the post-market charging services, maintenance, battery recycling and other links, each link has a number of enterprises with core competitiveness, forming a good ecological of "production, education, research and application" coordinated development, according to statistics, the output value of china's new energy vehicle industry chain reached 15,8 trillion yuan in 2025, a year-on-year increase of 32,5%, accounting for 70,2% of the total output value of china's auto industry, becoming an important force driving the growth of china's manufacturing industry,
上游矿产资源领域，中国企业通过海外投资、合作开发等方式，逐步打破了海外企业对锂、钴、镍等关键资源的垄断。2025年，中国锂资源自给率达到45%，较2020年提升了28个百分点，青海盐湖、四川甘孜、江西宜春等国内锂资源基地实现规模化生产，同时，中国企业在智利、阿根廷、澳大利亚等锂资源丰富的国家，布局了多个锂矿项目，保障了动力电池产业的原材料供应安全。在钴、镍资源领域，中国企业也加大了布局力度，钴资源自给率达到30%，镍资源自给率达到25%，有效降低了原材料价格波动对产业发展的影响。
in the field of upstream mineral resources, chinese enterprises have gradually broken the monopoly of overseas enterprises on key resources such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel through overseas investment and cooperative development, in 2025, china's lithium resource self-sufficiency rate reached 45%, an increase of 28 percentage points compared with 2020, domestic lithium resource bases such as qinghai salt lake, sichuan ganzi, and jiangxi yichun have achieved large-scale production, at the same time, chinese enterprises have laid out a number of lithium mine projects in countries rich in lithium resources such as chile, argentina, and australia, ensuring the raw material supply security of the power battery industry, in the field of cobalt and nickel resources, chinese enterprises have also increased their layout efforts, with the self-sufficiency rate of cobalt resources reaching 30% and the self-sufficiency rate of nickel resources reaching 25%, effectively reducing the impact of raw material price fluctuations on industrial development,
中游核心零部件领域，中国企业已实现全面突破，动力电池、电机、电控等核心零部件的国产化率达到95%以上，不仅满足了国内市场的需求，还大量出口到全球各地。其中，动力电池产业表现最为突出，2025年全球动力电池装机量达到985,6GWh，中国动力电池企业占据了全球68,7%的市场份额，比亚迪、宁德时代、中创新航、国轩高科、蜂巢能源等前五家中国企业，占据了全球59,2%的市场份额，形成了绝对的领先优势。电机和电控领域，中国企业也逐步打破了海外企业的技术垄断，比亚迪的“刀片电机”、华为的“Drive ONE”三合一电驱系统、汇川技术的电控系统等，在性能、效率、可靠性等方面，已达到国际先进水平，广泛应用于各类新能源汽车车型。
in the field of midstream core components, chinese enterprises have achieved comprehensive breakthroughs, the localization rate of core components such as power batteries, motors, and electronic controls has reached more than 95%, which not only meets the needs of the domestic market, but also is exported to all parts of the world in large quantities, among them, the power battery industry has performed the most prominently, in 2025, the global power battery installed capacity reached 985,6gwh, and chinese power battery enterprises accounted for 68,7% of the global market share, the top five chinese enterprises, including byd, catl, china innovation aviation, gotion high-tech, and honeycomb energy, accounted for 59,2% of the global market share, forming an absolute leading advantage, in the field of motors and electronic controls, chinese enterprises have also gradually broken the technical monopoly of overseas enterprises, byd's "blade motor", huawei's "drive one" three-in-one electric drive system, and inovance technology's electronic control system have reached the international advanced level in terms of performance, efficiency, and reliability, and are widely used in various new energy vehicle models,
下游整车制造领域，中国自主品牌已成为市场的绝对主导力量，2025年中国自主品牌新能源汽车销量达到1425,6万辆，占全国新能源汽车总销量的86,5%，同比增长30,2%。比亚迪、吉利、长安、长城、蔚来、小鹏、理想、小米等中国自主品牌，凭借先进的技术、丰富的车型、完善的服务，逐步击败了外资品牌，占据了市场的主导地位。其中，比亚迪表现最为亮眼，2025年全年销量达到380,5万辆，同比增长28,7%，连续五年位居中国新能源汽车销量榜首，同时，比亚迪也超越了特斯拉，成为全球新能源汽车销量冠军，全年全球销量达到402,3万辆，彰显了中国自主品牌的强大实力。
in the field of downstream vehicle manufacturing, chinese independent brands have become the absolute dominant force in the market, in 2025, the sales volume of new energy vehicles of chinese independent brands reached 14,256 million units, accounting for 86,5% of the national total sales of new energy vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 30,2%, chinese independent brands such as byd, geely, changan, great wall, nio, xpeng, li auto, and xiaomi have gradually defeated foreign brands and occupied a dominant position in the market with advanced technology, rich models, and improved services, among them, byd performed the most brilliantly, with annual sales reaching 3,805 million units in 2025, a year-on-year increase of 28,7%, ranking first in china's new energy vehicle sales for five consecutive years, at the same time, byd also surpassed tesla to become the global new energy vehicle sales champion, with annual global sales reaching 4,023 million units, demonstrating the strong strength of chinese independent brands,
后市场领域，中国新能源汽车后市场已进入规范化、规模化发展阶段，2025年中国新能源汽车后市场规模达到1,8万亿元，同比增长38,5%。充电服务、维修保养、电池回收、二手车交易等细分领域快速发展，形成了完善的后市场服务体系。其中，充电服务领域最为成熟，全国已建成全球最大的充电网络，为新能源汽车的普及提供了有力保障；电池回收领域，中国已建立了“梯次利用+再生利用”的完整回收体系，2025年动力电池回收量达到187,3万吨，回收利用率达到85%以上，有效解决了动力电池的环保问题，实现了资源的循环利用；二手车交易领域，新能源汽车二手车交易量达到327,8万辆，同比增长65,2%，交易规范不断完善，保值率逐步提升，改变了以往新能源汽车二手车“保值率低、交易困难”的局面。
in the post-market field, china's new energy vehicle post-market has entered a stage of standardized and large-scale development, in 2025, the scale of china's new energy vehicle post-market reached 1,8 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 38,5%, segmented fields such as charging services, maintenance, battery recycling, and used car transactions are developing rapidly, forming a complete post-market service system, among them, the charging service field is the most mature, and china has built the world's largest charging network, providing a strong guarantee for the popularization of new energy vehicles; in the battery recycling field, china has established a complete recycling system of "echelon utilization + recycling utilization", in 2025, the recycling volume of power batteries reached 1,873 million tons, with a recycling rate of more than 85%, effectively solving the environmental problems of power batteries and realizing the recycling of resources; in the used car transaction field, the transaction volume of new energy vehicle used cars reached 3,278 million units, a year-on-year increase of 65,2%, transaction standards are constantly improving, and the retention rate is gradually increasing, changing the previous situation of new energy vehicle used cars with "low retention rate and difficult transactions",
这种结构性变化，更体现在核心技术的自主突破上。以前，中国新能源汽车产业“大而不强”，核心技术受制于海外企业，动力电池的正极材料、负极材料、电解液等关键材料依赖进口，电子电气架构采用海外企业的成熟方案，智能驾驶芯片、算法等核心技术被海外企业垄断。但到了2025年，中国自主品牌在这些关键核心技术领域，均实现了重大突破，形成了自主可控的技术体系，彻底摆脱了对海外企业的依赖，用自主创新能力重新定义了汽车行业的游戏规则。
this structural change is more reflected in the independent breakthrough of core technologies, in the past, china's new energy vehicle industry was "large but not strong", with core technologies controlled by overseas enterprises, key materials such as cathode materials, anode materials, and electrolytes of power batteries relied on imports, electronic and electrical architectures adopted mature schemes of overseas enterprises, and core technologies such as intelligent driving chips and algorithms were monopolized by overseas enterprises, but by 2025, chinese independent brands have achieved major breakthroughs in these key core technology fields, formed an independent and controllable technical system, completely got rid of the dependence on overseas enterprises, and redefined the rules of the game in the auto industry with independent innovation capabilities,
在新能源汽车的赛道上，电池始终是决定胜负的关键，前几年大家买电动车最怕的就是里程焦虑，充电慢、排队久、续航短等问题卡着行业发展。但到了2025年，电池技术快速发展、补能网络越来越完善，让这些卡脖子的问题，将会被快速解决掉。
in the track of new energy vehicles, the battery is always the key to determining the outcome, a few years ago, the biggest worry when people bought electric vehicles was range anxiety, problems such as slow charging, long queuing, and short battery life hindered the development of the industry, but by 2025, the rapid development of battery technology and the improving energy supplement network will quickly solve these bottleneck problems,
动力电池是新能源汽车的“心脏”，其性能直接决定了新能源汽车的续航里程、充电速度、安全性能和使用寿命。前几年，中国动力电池产业虽然规模庞大，但核心技术相对落后，主要以液态锂离子电池为主，能量密度较低，主流磷酸铁锂电池的能量密度仅为150-180Wh/kg，三元锂电池的能量密度也仅为200-250Wh/kg，导致新能源汽车的续航里程普遍在300-500km之间，无法满足消费者的长途出行需求。同时，液态锂离子电池的充电速度较慢，常规充电需要6-8小时，即使是快充，也需要30-60分钟才能将电量充至80%，而且在低温环境下，电池性能会急剧下降，续航里程大幅衰减，成为制约新能源汽车普及的重要因素。
the power battery is the "heart" of a new energy vehicle, and its performance directly determines the driving range, charging speed, safety performance and service life of the new energy vehicle, a few years ago, although china's power battery industry was large in scale, its core technology was relatively backward, mainly focusing on liquid lithium-ion batteries with low energy density, the energy density of mainstream lithium iron phosphate batteries was only 150-180wh/kg, and the energy density of ternary lithium batteries was only 200-250wh/kg, resulting in the driving range of new energy vehicles generally between 300-500km, which could not meet the long-distance travel needs of consumers, at the same time, the charging speed of liquid lithium-ion batteries was relatively slow, conventional charging took 6-8 hours, and even fast charging took 30-60 minutes to charge the battery to 80%, moreover, in low-temperature environments, the battery performance would drop sharply, and the driving range would be greatly reduced, becoming an important factor restricting the popularization of new energy vehicles,
为了解决这些问题，中国政府、科研机构和企业加大了对动力电池技术的研发投入，聚焦能量密度提升、充电速度加快、安全性能优化、低温性能改善等关键领域，开展技术攻关，取得了一系列重大突破。到2025年，中国动力电池技术已实现跨越式发展，液态锂离子电池的能量密度大幅提升，三元锂电池的能量密度达到300-350Wh/kg，磷酸铁锂电池的能量密度达到200-250Wh/kg，新能源汽车的续航里程普遍提升至600-800km，部分高端车型的续航里程甚至突破1000km，彻底解决了消费者的里程焦虑问题。同时，充电技术也快速发展，高压快充技术、无线充电技术、换电技术等逐步普及，充电速度大幅提升，主流车型的快充时间缩短至15-20分钟，部分高端车型的快充时间甚至缩短至10分钟以内，充电效率堪比加油。此外，电池的低温性能也得到了显著改善，在-30℃的低温环境下，电池能量保持率达到70%以上，能够满足北方用户的冬季出行需求。
to solve these problems, the chinese government, scientific research institutions and enterprises have increased investment in the r&d of power battery technology, focused on key areas such as energy density improvement, charging speed acceleration, safety performance optimization, and low-temperature performance improvement, carried out technological research, and achieved a series of major breakthroughs, by 2025, china's power battery technology has achieved leapfrog development, the energy density of liquid lithium-ion batteries has been greatly improved, the energy density of ternary lithium batteries has reached 300-350wh/kg, and the energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries has reached 200-250wh/kg, the driving range of new energy vehicles has generally been increased to 600-800km, and the driving range of some high-end models has even exceeded 1000km, completely solving the problem of range anxiety for consumers, at the same time, charging technology has also developed rapidly, high-voltage fast charging technology, wireless charging technology, battery swapping technology, etc, have gradually become popular, and the charging speed has been greatly improved, the fast charging time of mainstream models has been shortened to 15-20 minutes, and the fast charging time of some high-end models has even been shortened to less than 10 minutes, with charging efficiency comparable to refueling, in addition, the low-temperature performance of the battery has also been significantly improved, in a low-temperature environment of -30℃, the battery energy retention rate reaches more than 70%, which can meet the winter travel needs of users in northern china,
在众多电池技术突破中，固态电池的发展最为引人注目。固态电池是下一代动力电池的核心发展方向，与传统的液态锂离子电池相比，固态电池采用固态电解质替代液态电解质，具有能量密度高、安全性能好、充电速度快、低温性能优异、使用寿命长等诸多优势，被认为是解决新能源汽车里程焦虑、安全隐患等问题的终极方案。前几年，固态电池技术主要被日本车企垄断，丰田、日产、松下等日本企业，早在2010年就开始布局固态电池技术研发，积累了大量的专利，一度被认为是日本车企重新夺回全球汽车市场主导地位的“杀手锏”。但由于固态电池技术难度大、研发成本高、量产工艺复杂等原因，日本车企的固态电池迟迟没有明确的量产时间表，截至2025年底，日本车企仍未实现固态电池的规模化量产。
among the many breakthroughs in battery technology, the development of solid-state batteries is the most remarkable, solid-state batteries are the core development direction of the next generation of power batteries, compared with traditional liquid lithium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries use solid electrolytes instead of liquid electrolytes, which have many advantages such as high energy density, good safety performance, fast charging speed, excellent low-temperature performance, and long service life, they are considered to be the ultimate solution to solve the problems of range anxiety and potential safety hazards of new energy vehicles, a few years ago, solid-state battery technology was mainly monopolized by japanese automakers, japanese enterprises such as toyota, nissan, and panasonic began to layout the r&d of solid-state battery technology as early as 2010, accumulated a large number of patents, and were once regarded as the "killer weapon" for japanese automakers to regain the dominant position in the global auto market, however, due to the high technical difficulty, high r&d cost, and complex mass production process of solid-state batteries, japanese automakers have not had a clear mass production schedule for solid-state batteries, by the end of 2025, japanese automakers still have not achieved large-scale mass production of solid-state batteries,
而中国车企和科研机构，抓住了这个历史机遇，加大了对固态电池技术的研发投入，组建了专业的研发团队，开展产学研合作，快速突破了固态电池的关键核心技术，在固态电池领域实现了“弯道超车”，抢在了日本车企的前面，成为全球固态电池技术研发和产业化的引领者。
chinese automakers and scientific research institutions, however, seized this historical opportunity, increased investment in the r&d of solid-state battery technology, set up professional r&d teams, carried out industry-university-research cooperation, quickly broke through the key core technologies of solid-state batteries, achieved "corner overtaking" in the field of solid-state batteries, surpassed japanese automakers, and became the global leader in the r&d and industrialization of solid-state battery technology,
首先就是固态电池，这本来被日本车企的杀手锏，但迟迟没有明确量产时间表。目前来看，中国车企已经在这个领域抢了先。在技术研发层面，中国在固态电池的专利布局已经占到全球30%以上，技术领先外资车企好几年，可谓是从"用别人的技术"到"定自己的标准"的逆袭。
first of all, solid-state batteries were originally a killer weapon of japanese automakers, but there has been no clear mass production schedule, at present, it seems that chinese automakers have taken the lead in this field, at the technical r&d level, china's patent layout in solid-state batteries has accounted for more than 30% of the world, and its technology is several years ahead of foreign automakers, which can be described as a counterattack from "using others' technology" to "setting its own standards",
在专利布局方面，中国已成为全球固态电池专利申请量最多的国家。据世界知识产权组织（WIPO）统计，截至2025年底，全球固态电池相关专利申请量达到18,7万件，其中中国专利申请量达到5,9万件，占全球总申请量的31,6%，位居全球第一；日本专利申请量达到4,8万件，占全球总申请量的25,7%，位居第二；美国专利申请量达到3,2万件，占全球总申请量的17,1%，位居第三。从专利申请人来看，中国的比亚迪、宁德时代、中创新航、清华大学、上海交通大学等企业和科研机构，是全球固态电池专利申请的主要力量，比亚迪的固态电池专利申请量达到8700件，位居全球企业第一；宁德时代的专利申请量达到7500件，位居全球企业第二。这些专利涵盖了固态电解质、正负极材料、电芯制造、电池封装等各个关键环节，形成了完整的专利保护体系，为中国固态电池技术的产业化发展提供了有力的知识产权保障。
in terms of patent layout, china has become the country with the largest number of patent applications for solid-state batteries in the world, according to the world intellectual property organization (wipo), by the end of 2025, the global number of patent applications related to solid-state batteries reached 187,000, of which china's patent applications reached 59,000, accounting for 31,6% of the global total, ranking first in the world; japan's patent applications reached 48,000, accounting for 25,7% of the global total, ranking second; the united states' patent applications reached 32,000, accounting for 17,1% of the global total, ranking third, from the perspective of patent applicants, chinese enterprises and scientific research institutions such as byd, catl, china innovation aviation, tsinghua university, and shanghai jiao tong university are the main forces in global solid-state battery patent applications, byd's number of solid-state battery patent applications reached 8,700, ranking first among global enterprises; catl's number of patent applications reached 7,500, ranking second among global enterprises, these patents cover all key links such as solid electrolytes, positive and negative electrode materials, cell manufacturing, and battery packaging, forming a complete patent protection system, which provides a strong intellectual property guarantee for the industrialization development of china's solid-state battery technology,
在技术研发层面，中国已突破了固态电池的一系列关键核心技术，形成了多种技术路线并行发展的格局，主要包括硫化物固态电池、氧化物固态电池、聚合物固态电池等三种技术路线，每种技术路线都有各自的优势和应用场景，为固态电池的产业化发展提供了多样化的选择。
at the technical r&d level, china has broken through a series of key core technologies of solid-state batteries, forming a pattern of parallel development of multiple technical routes, mainly including sulfide solid-state batteries, oxide solid-state batteries, polymer solid-state batteries and other three technical routes, each technical route has its own advantages and application scenarios, providing a variety of choices for the industrialization development of solid-state batteries,
硫化物固态电池是目前最具发展潜力的固态电池技术路线之一，具有离子电导率高、界面阻抗低、能量密度高、低温性能优异等优势，能够实现快速充电和长续航，适合应用于高端新能源汽车和新能源商用车。中国在硫化物固态电池领域的研发进展迅速，已突破了硫化物电解质的合成、正负极界面修饰、电芯封装等关键技术，硫化物电解质的离子电导率达到10-3 S/cm以上，接近液态电解质的水平，能够满足动力电池的性能需求。比亚迪、宁德时代、中国一汽等企业，已研发出硫化物固态电池样品，能量密度达到400-500Wh/kg，充电速度大幅提升，能够在10分钟内将电量充至80%，而且在-30℃的低温环境下，能量保持率达到75%以上，表现出优异的低温性能。
sulfide solid-state batteries are one of the most promising technical routes for solid-state batteries, with advantages such as high ionic conductivity, low interface impedance, high energy density, and excellent low-temperature performance, they can achieve fast charging and long driving range, and are suitable for application in high-end new energy vehicles and new energy commercial vehicles, china has made rapid progress in the r&d of sulfide solid-state batteries, and has broken through key technologies such as the synthesis of sulfide electrolytes, the modification of positive and negative electrode interfaces, and cell packaging, the ionic conductivity of sulfide electrolytes has reached more than 10-3 s/cm, close to the level of liquid electrolytes, which can meet the performance requirements of power batteries, enterprises such as byd, catl, and china faw have developed sulfide solid-state battery samples with an energy density of 400-500wh/kg, a significant improvement in charging speed, which can charge the battery to 80% in 10 minutes, and in a low-temperature environment of -30℃, the energy retention rate reaches more than 75%, showing excellent low-temperature performance,
氧化物固态电池具有安全性能好、耐高温、制备工艺相对简单等优势，适合应用于中低端新能源汽车和储能领域。中国在氧化物固态电池领域也取得了重大突破，突破了氧化物电解质的制备、电芯结构设计、批量生产等关键技术，氧化物电解质的离子电导率达到10-4 S/cm以上，能够满足中低端新能源汽车的性能需求。中创新航、国轩高科、华南理工大学等企业和科研机构，已研发出氧化物固态电池样品，能量密度达到300-350Wh/kg，充电时间缩短至15-20分钟，安全性能优异，通过了针刺、挤压、火烧等极端安全测试，未出现起火、爆炸等安全隐患。
oxide solid-state batteries have advantages such as good safety performance, high temperature resistance, and relatively simple preparation process, and are suitable for application in mid-to-low-end new energy vehicles and energy storage fields, china has also made major breakthroughs in the field of oxide solid-state batteries, breaking through key technologies such as the preparation of oxide electrolytes, cell structure design, and mass production, the ionic conductivity of oxide electrolytes has reached more than 10-4 s/cm, which can meet the performance requirements of mid-to-low-end new energy vehicles, enterprises and scientific research institutions such as china innovation aviation, gotion high-tech, and south china university of technology have developed oxide solid-state battery samples with an energy density of 300-350wh/kg, a charging time shortened to 15-20 minutes, and excellent safety performance, they have passed extreme safety tests such as needle pricking, extrusion, and burning, without any potential safety hazards such as fire and explosion,
聚合物固态电池具有柔性好、重量轻、体积小等优势，适合应用于新能源乘用车和便携式电子设备。中国在聚合物固态电池领域的研发也取得了一定的进展，突破了聚合物电解质的合成、电芯柔性封装等关键技术，聚合物电解质的离子电导率达到10-4 S/cm以上，能够满足新能源乘用车的性能需求。蜂巢能源、宁德时代、复旦大学等企业和科研机构，已研发出聚合物固态电池样品，能量密度达到250-300Wh/kg，具有良好的柔性，能够适应不同的车身结构设计，为新能源汽车的轻量化、小型化发展提供了可能。
polymer solid-state batteries have advantages such as good flexibility, light weight, and small volume, and are suitable for application in new energy passenger vehicles and portable electronic devices, china has also made certain progress in the r&d of polymer solid-state batteries, breaking through key technologies such as the synthesis of polymer electrolytes and the flexible packaging of cells, the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes has reached more than 10-4 s/cm, which can meet the performance requirements of new energy passenger vehicles, enterprises and scientific research institutions such as honeycomb energy, catl, and fudan university have developed polymer solid-state battery samples with an energy density of 250-300wh/kg, which have good flexibility and can adapt to different body structure designs, providing possibilities for the lightweight and miniaturization development of new energy vehicles,
与外资车企相比，中国固态电池技术不仅在专利布局上占据优势，在技术成熟度和产业化进展上也领先外资车企好几年。目前，中国已实现了固态电池的小规模试制和样车测试，部分企业已开始布局固态电池的量产产线，而日本、美国等外资车企，仍处于实验室研发和样品测试阶段，尚未明确量产时间表。这种技术上的领先，让中国从以往“用别人的技术”“跟着别人的标准走”，转变为“用自己的技术”“定自己的标准”，实现了从“跟跑”到“领跑”的逆袭，为中国新能源汽车产业的长远发展奠定了坚实的技术基础。
compared with foreign automakers, china's solid-state battery technology not only has an advantage in patent layout, but also is several years ahead of foreign automakers in terms of technical maturity and industrialization progress, at present, china has achieved small-scale trial production and prototype testing of solid-state batteries, and some enterprises have begun to layout mass production lines for solid-state batteries, while foreign,;。c.qieerxix97.cn126add step,;。c.x9nanlanonline.cn418want sleep,;。c.qsbnz.cn109very age,;。c.ofvrm.cn111make record,;。c.sysb7.com34his heat,;。c.bfmkr.cn74him sound,;。c.yincae.cn260moment paper,;。c.manlian95.cn157light break,;。c.suc2wx.com365not home,;。c.yplte.cn92first those,;。c.vt703.cn351for little,;。c.sys2a.com13and but,;。c.yc5t.com238hear we,;。c.yingchao3.cn264common sure,;。c.mliany.cn147should on,;。c.yc1p.com287ready day,;。c.x9nanlanshop.cn413its would,;。c.yincbe.cn253talk hurt,;。c.yinc7a.com234short best,;。c.kfg5.cn168cross often automakers such as japan and the united states are still in the stage of laboratory r&d and sample testing, and have not yet clarified the mass production schedule, this technological leadership has transformed china from "using others' technology" and "following others' standards" in the past to "using its own technology" and "setting its own standards", achieving a counterattack from "following" to "leading", and laying a solid technical foundation for the long-term development of china's new energy vehicle industry,
而且这些技术不是停留在PPT上的，已经有实打实的东西落地了。广汽建成了全球第一条大容量全固态电池产线，打算2026年小批量装车、2027-2030年逐步规模化量产。该固态电池能量密度比现有液态电池高近一倍，达400Wh/kg以上，可使500km续航车型提升至1000km+。
what's more, these technologies are not just on the ppt, but have been actually implemented, gac has built the world's first large-capacity all-solid-state battery production line, planning to load small batches of vehicles in 2026 and gradually achieve large-scale mass production from 2027 to 2030, the energy density of this solid-state battery is nearly double that of the existing liquid battery, reaching more than 400wh/kg, which can increase the range of models with 500km range to more than 1000km,
广汽集团作为中国自主品牌的领军企业之一，一直以来都非常重视动力电池技术的研发投入，早在2018年就开始布局固态电池技术研发，组建了专业的研发团队，投入了大量的研发资金，与清华大学、上海交通大学、中科院等科研机构开展产学研合作，快速突破了固态电池的关键核心技术，成为全球首家建成大容量全固态电池产线的企业。
gac group, as one of the leading enterprises of chinese independent brands, has always attached great importance to the r&d investment of power battery technology, as early as 2018, it began to layout the r&d of solid-state battery technology, set up a professional r&d team, invested a lot of r&d funds, carried out industry-university-research cooperation with scientific research institutions such as tsinghua university, shanghai jiao tong university, and the chinese academy of sciences, quickly broke through the key core technologies of solid-state batteries, and became the world's first enterprise to build a large-capacity all-solid-state battery production line,
广汽集团建成的全球第一条大容量全固态电池产线，位于广东省广州市南沙区，总投资达到50亿元，占地面积约1000亩，年产能力达到10GWh，能够满足10万辆新能源汽车的装车需求。该产线采用了全球最先进的生产工艺和设备，实现了固态电池从原材料加工、电芯制造、电池模组封装到电池包组装的全流程自动化生产，生产效率大幅提升，产品质量更加稳定可靠。
the world's first large-capacity all-solid-state battery production line built by gac group is located in nansha district, guangzhou city, guangdong province, with a total investment of 5 billion yuan, covering an area of about 1,000 mu, and an annual production capacity of 10gwh, which can meet the loading needs of 100,000 new energy vehicles, this production line adopts the world's most advanced production processes and equipment, realizing the full-process automated production of solid-state batteries from raw material processing, cell manufacturing, battery module packaging to battery pack assembly, greatly improving production efficiency and making product quality more stable and reliable,
该产线生产的全固态电池，采用了硫化物固态电解质技术路线，具有能量密度高、充电速度快、安全性能好、低温性能优异等优势。其能量密度达到400Wh/kg以上，比现有主流液态三元锂电池（250-300Wh/kg）高近一倍，比现有主流磷酸铁锂电池（200-250Wh/kg）高约60%-100%。这种高能量密度的固态电池，能够大幅提升新能源汽车的续航里程，对于一款现有续航里程为500km的新能源汽车，搭载该固态电池后，续航里程可直接提升至1000km以上，彻底解决了消费者的里程焦虑问题，让新能源汽车的长途出行与燃油车无异。
the all-solid-state batteries produced by this production line adopt the sulfide solid electrolyte technical route, which has advantages such as high energy density, fast charging speed, good safety performance, and excellent low-temperature performance, its energy density reaches more than 400wh/kg, nearly double that of the existing mainstream liquid ternary lithium batteries (250-300wh/kg), and about 60%-100% higher than the existing mainstream lithium iron phosphate batteries (200-250wh/kg), this kind of high-energy-density solid-state battery can greatly improve the driving range of new energy vehicles, for a new energy vehicle with an existing driving range of 500km, after being equipped with this solid-state battery, the driving range can be directly increased to more than 1000km, completely solving the problem of range anxiety for consumers, making the long-distance travel of new energy vehicles the same as that of fuel vehicles,
除了高能量密度，该固态电池的充电速度也大幅提升。由于采用了高离子电导率的硫化物固态电解质，该固态电池的充电效率大幅提高，支持高压快充，在常温环境下，仅需12分钟即可将电量充至80%，充电速度比现有主流液态锂离子电池快2-3倍，充电效率堪比加油。同时，该固态电池的低温性能也非常优异，在-30℃的低温环境下，能量保持率达到78%以上，能够正常充电和放电，不会出现续航里程大幅衰减的情况，能够满足北方用户的冬季出行需求。
in addition to high energy density, the charging speed of this solid-state battery is also greatly improved, due to the adoption of sulfide solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, the charging efficiency of this solid-state battery is greatly improved, supporting high-voltage fast charging, in a normal temperature environment, it only takes 12 minutes to charge the battery to 80%, which is 2-3 times faster than the existing mainstream liquid lithium-ion batteries, and the charging efficiency is comparable to refueling, at the same time, the low-temperature performance of this solid-state battery is also very excellent, in a low-temperature environment of -30℃, the energy retention rate reaches more than 78%, which can be normally charged and discharged without a significant attenuation of driving range, and can meet the winter travel needs of users in northern china,
在安全性能方面，该固态电池也表现出了优异的性能。由于采用了固态电解质，替代了传统的液态电解质，该固态电池彻底解决了液态锂离子电池易起火、易爆炸的安全隐患，具有极高的安全性能。经过针刺、挤压、火烧、高温、低温等极端安全测试，该固态电池均未出现起火、爆炸、漏液等情况，能够有效保障新能源汽车的行驶安全。同时，该固态电池的使用寿命也非常长，循环寿命达到3000次以上，是现有主流液态锂离子电池（1500-2000次）的1,5-2倍，能够满足新能源汽车8-10年的使用寿命需求，大幅降低了消费者的用车成本。
in terms of safety performance, this solid-state battery also shows excellent performance, due to the adoption of solid electrolyte instead of traditional liquid electrolyte, this solid-state battery completely solves the potential safety hazards of liquid lithium-ion batteries that are prone to fire and explosion, and has extremely high safety performance, after extreme safety tests such as needle pricking, extrusion, burning, high temperature, and low temperature, the solid-state battery has not experienced fire, explosion, leakage, etc,, which can effectively ensure the driving safety of new energy vehicles, at the same time, the service life of this solid-state battery is also very long, with a cycle life of more than 3000 times, which is 1,5-2 times that of the existing mainstream liquid lithium-ion batteries (1500-2000 times), which can meet the service life needs of new energy vehicles for 8-10 years, and greatly reduce the user cost of consumers,
按照广汽集团的规划，该全固态电池产线将于2026年实现小批量装车，首先搭载在广汽埃安的高端车型上，包括广汽埃安Hyper SSR、Hyper GT等车型，这些车型搭载该固态电池后，续航里程将突破1200km，充电时间缩短至12分钟以内，进一步提升产品的竞争力。2027-2030年，广汽集团将逐步扩大固态电池的量产规模，将年产能力提升至50GWh，能够满足50万辆新能源汽车的装车需求，逐步实现固态电池的规模化、市场化应用，推动中国新能源汽车产业进入固态电池时代。
according to the plan of gac group, this all-solid-state battery production line will achieve small-batch vehicle loading in 2026, first being equipped on high-end models of gac aion, including gac aion